Zirconia in Dentistry
Rapid improvements of the all-ceramic restorations, combined with the use of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), has made the digital dentistry increasingly popular over the past decade. CAD/CAM systems have been continuously developed and upgraded in prosthetic dentistry in association with zirconium oxide, used primarily for the restoration of single crowns and fixed partial dentures (FPDs) in both the anterior and posterior regions. Zirconium oxide–based materials, especially yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP), were recently introduced for prosthetic rehabilitations as a core material for single crowns, conventional and resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (FPDs) [1], and, in dental implantology, as abutments or implants [2]. The raw materials of the zirconia are the minerals zircon (ZrSiO4) and baddelyite (β-ZrO2), whose mines are located in South Africa, Australia and USA. Zirconia was discovery by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789. The term zirconium refers to the metal, while zirconia ceramic (“zirconia”) refers to zirconia-dioxide-ceramic (ZrO2)
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